Demonstrations

Thermometers - Gas and Liquid

Code Number :	4A10.10
Disclaimer:	Reprinted by permission of Dick Berg, University of Maryland, for use on this website. The demonstrations contained and referenced herein are listed for the purposes of cataloging and describing physics demonstrations which should be conducted only under the direction of a trained instructional support professional or physicist. These demonstrations are not presented for the purpose of being conducted by persons unconnected to this Facility and/or persons not consulting with or being supervised by the recognized instructional support professional or physicist and his/her staff. The University is responsible only for those demonstrations carried out using its own equipment using established safety and scheduling policies, and bears no responsibility for those choosing to use this source material for their own purposes. All demonstrations described and contained herein are public domain, and can also be found in reference materials in libraries, bookstores, and electronic sources. Further information regarding legal liability in use of demonstrations and labs will be found on the web site Injuries in School/College Laboratories in USA. The University of Iowa Disclaimers: University of Iowa Disclaimer All Rights Reserved..
Condition :	Good
Principle :	Pressure vs. Volume vs. Temperature in a Gas
Area of Study :	Heat & Fluids
Equipment :	Gas thermometer demo, Thermometers (assorted).
Procedure :	Gas Thermometer - Colored water will have to be added to the demo as needed. Several drops of oil added to the top of the water on the open side of the U-tube will help to slow evaporation. Warming the flask with both hands is all that is needed, although a Bunsen burner may be used for short periods of time. CAUTION: The mercury thermometers need to have special handling as they are now considered hazardous waste if broken.

References

Lawrence Day, "Converting Between °C and °F: A Teachable Moment", TPT, Vol. 45, # 5, May 2007, p. 285.

Frank Lock, "Modeling and Measurement", TPT, Vol. 45, # 2, Feb. 2007, p. 68.

H. L. Neal, "Temperature Transformation Equations", TPT, Vol. 44, # 7, Oct. 2006, p. 455.

Philip Gash, "So You Thought a Glass Thermometer Measured Temperature," TPT, Vol. 40, # 2, p. 74, (Feb. 2002).

Carl J. Wenning, "A Variation on Temperature Conversion", TPT, Vol. 39, # 8, Oct. 2001, p. 431.

David Wheeler and Eric Mazur, "The Great Thermometer Challenge", TPT, Vol. 38, # 4, Apr. 2000, p. 235.

Mark P. Silverman and Christopher R. Silverman, "Cool in the Kitchen: Radiation, Conduction, and the Newton "Hot Block" Experiment", TPT, Vol. 38, # 2, Feb. 2000, p. 82.

H. Richard Crane, "A Thermometer Whose Memory Is A One-Sided Magnet", TPT, Vol. 37, # 3, Mar. 1999, p. 148.

Richard Crane, "Why Shake Your Fever Thermometer?- and More", TPT, Vol. 36, # 3, Mar. 1998, p. 142.

Dennis McKinney, "Min-Max Thermometers", TPT, Vol. 36, # 6, Sept. 1998, p. 324.

Volker Thomsen, "Response Time of a Thermometer," TPT, Vol. 36, # 9, p. 540, Dec. 1998.

Lawrence Day, "Hot to Cold and Back Again", TPT, Vol. 35, # 4, Apr. 1997, p. 197.

Martin Gardner, "Two Stunts with a Bottle," TPT, Vol. 35, # 1, p. 53, Jan. 1997.

A. P. French, "Isaac Newton's Thermometry", TPT, Vol. 31, # 4, Apr. 1993, p. 208.

A. P. French, "Newton's Thermometry: The Role of Radiation", TPT, Vol. 31, # 5, May 1993, p. 310.

Ralph Baierlein, "The Meaning of Temperature", TPT, Vol. 28, # 2, Feb. 1990, p. 94.

Marselo Alonso, "On the Meaning of Temperature", TPT, Vol. 28, # 7, Oct. 1990, p. 441.

Frank Munley, "Comment II by Munley", TPT, Vol. 28, # 7, Oct. 1990, p. 441.

Ralf Baierlein, "Baierlein's Response to Alonso and Munley", TPT, Vol. 28, # 7, Oct. 1990, p. 442.

Mario Iona, "Another View by Iona", TPT, Vol. 28, # 7, Oct. 1990, p. 444.

Manfred Bucher and Hugh A. Williamson, "Conversion of Temperature Scales", TPT, Vol. 24, # 5, May 1986, p. 288.

Haym Kruglak, "Sic Transit Gloria", TPT, Vol. 22, # 6, Sept. 1984, p. 350

F. Esmael, "Temperature - A Question of Choice", TPT, Vol. 21, # 1, Jan. 1983, p. 38.

F. Neff Weber, "Temperature Conversion Technique", TPT, Vol. 21, # 8, Nov. 1983, p. 535.

Robert H. Romer, "Temperature Scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, Réamur, and Rømer", TPT, Vol. 20, # 7, Oct. 1982, p. 450 - 454.

E. Scott Barr, "Comments on the October Issue", TPT, Vol. 20, # 9, Dec. 1982, p. 578.

E. Scott Barr, "A Third Scale", TPT, Vol. 19, # 2, Feb. 1981, p. 82.

Edwin R. Jones, Jr., "Fahrenheit and Celsius, A History", TPT, Vol. 18, # 7, Oct. 1980, p. 510.

C. T. Haywood, "Temperature and the Transfer of Heat", TPT, Vol. 14 # 6, September 1976, p. 366.

Mario Iona, "History of the Fahrenheit Scale", TPT, Vol. 11, # 8, Nov. 1973, p. 503.

George D. Nickas. "A Thermometer Based on Archimedes' Principle." AJP, 57, # 9, September 1989.

James Evans and Brian Popp, "Pictet's Experiment: The Apparent Radiation and Reflection of Cold," AJP, 737, Vol. 53, No. 8, August 1985.

Ha- 2: Freier and Anderson, A Demonstration Handbook for Physics.

H- 018: "Liquid Xtal-Galileo's Thermom.," DICK and RAE Physics Demo Notebook.

Tik Liem, "The Rising Juices," Investigation to Science Inquiry, p. 211.

Tik Liem, "Withdrawing Juices," Investigation to Science Inquiry, p. 212.

Shawn Carlson, "Home-Made Precision Thermometer," The Amateur Scientist, (March, 1999).

Harry M. Davis, "Law Temperature Physics", Reprinted from Scientific American, June 1979.

Robert L. Wild, "Thermometry - Air Thermometers", Low-Cost Physics Demonstrations, # 84, p. 52.

John H. Moore, Christopher C. Davis, Michael A. Coplan, "Expansion Thermometers," Building Scientific Apparatus 2^nd Edition. p. 510- 511.

#175, "Thermometer," Janice VanCleave's 203 Icy, Freezing, Frosty, Cool, and Wild Experiments.

Mail Questions and Comments to: Dale Stille